A proper diet is essential for a rabbit’s digestive health, dental care, and overall well-being. This guide covers the best foods for house rabbits, what to avoid, and how to create a balanced diet based on expert recommendations.
Table of Contents
What Is the Ideal Diet for a House Rabbit?
A house rabbit’s diet should consist of:
80-90% hay as the primary food source
Fresh vegetables, including leafy greens and herbs
High-fiber pellets with no seeds or artificial additives
Limited treats, such as fruits or rabbit-safe snacks
Unlimited fresh water, preferably in a bowl
A well-balanced diet prevents obesity, gastrointestinal issues, and dental problems.
Why Is Hay Essential for Rabbits?
Hay is the most important part of a rabbit’s diet, providing essential fiber for digestion and keeping their teeth worn down. The Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA) recommends high-fiber hay to prevent gastrointestinal stasis and dental disease.
Best Types of Hay for Rabbits
Hay Type | Benefits |
Timothy Hay | High in fiber, ideal for adults |
Orchard Grass | Soft texture, provides variety |
Meadow Hay | Nutrient-rich and aromatic |
Oat Hay | Crunchy texture, aids digestion |
Alfalfa hay is not recommended for adult rabbits due to its high calcium and protein content, which can cause kidney issues.
What Vegetables Can Rabbits Eat?
Rabbits need at least one cup of leafy greens per two pounds of body weight daily. Fresh vegetables provide hydration, fiber, and essential vitamins.
Safe Vegetables for Rabbits
Leafy Greens: Romaine lettuce, kale, arugula, parsley
Herbs: Cilantro, dill, basil, mint
Other Vegetables: Bell peppers, zucchini, celery (chopped), cucumber
Vegetables to Avoid
Onions and Garlic – Can cause hemolytic anemia
Potatoes and Tomato Leaves – Contain toxic solanine
Rhubarb – Highly poisonous to rabbits
Introduce new vegetables gradually to prevent digestive issues.
Are Fruits Safe for Rabbits?
Fruits contain high sugar content and should be given in moderation, with a maximum of one to two tablespoons per five pounds of body weight per day.
Safe Fruits for Rabbits
Apples (without seeds)
Bananas (in small amounts)
Blueberries
Strawberries
Pears
Fruits to Avoid
Grapes and Raisins – Potential kidney toxicity
Avocado – Contains persin, toxic to rabbits
Cherries with pits – Pits contain cyanogenic compounds
What Pellets Should a House Rabbit Eat?
Rabbits should eat high-fiber, low-protein pellets without seeds, corn, or artificial colors.
Pellet Nutrition Guidelines
Fiber: 18-22 percent
Protein: 12-14 percent
Fat: Less than 3 percent
Muesli-style mixes should be avoided, as rabbits may pick out unhealthy ingredients.
What Foods Are Toxic to Rabbits?
Some foods are highly toxic and should never be given to rabbits.
Food | Reason for Toxicity |
Chocolate | Contains theobromine, toxic to rabbits |
Iceberg Lettuce | High in lactucarium, causes diarrhea |
Nuts and Seeds | High-fat content, digestive issues |
Bread and Pasta | Causes bloating and obesity |
Dairy Products | Rabbits cannot digest lactose |
If a rabbit ingests a toxic food, contact a veterinarian immediately.
What Is the Best Water Source for Rabbits?
Rabbits should always have access to fresh, clean water. Bowls are better than bottles because they encourage natural drinking posture and increase water intake. Water should be changed daily to prevent bacterial growth.
Can Rabbits Eat Human Food?
Most processed human foods are unsafe for rabbits and can cause serious health issues.
Do not feed:
Chips, crackers, and sugary snacks
Cereal and granola
Meat, eggs, or dairy
House Rabbit Diet Quiz: Test Your Knowledge
Question 1: What should make up the majority of a rabbit’s diet?
A) Fresh vegetables
B) Pellets
C) Hay
D) Fruits
Correct Answer: C) Hay
Question 2: Which vegetable is safe for rabbits?
A) Iceberg lettuce
B) Rhubarb
C) Kale
D) Onion
Correct Answer: C) Kale
Question 3: How much fruit should rabbits eat daily?
A) Unlimited
B) One to two tablespoons per five pounds of body weight
C) One whole apple per day
D) None
Correct Answer: B) One to two tablespoons per five pounds of body weight
Question 4: Which of these foods is toxic to rabbits?
A) Timothy hay
B) Carrots
C) Avocado
D) Cilantro
Correct Answer: C) Avocado
Question 5: What type of water container is best for rabbits?
A) Water bottle with a spout
B) Water bowl
C) A shallow dish of juice
D) Rabbits do not need much water
Correct Answer: B) Water bowl
Quiz Results
5/5 – Rabbit Diet Expert! You know exactly how to keep your rabbit healthy and happy.
3-4/5 – Good Knowledge! You are on the right track. Review the guide for extra details.
0-2/5 – Time to Learn! Check out the full guide above to ensure your rabbit gets the best nutrition.
Final Thoughts on a Rabbit’s Diet
A rabbit’s diet should be hay-based, supplemented with fresh vegetables, high-fiber pellets, and minimal treats. Avoid toxic foods and ensure unlimited access to clean water. A balanced diet supports digestive health, prevents obesity, and maintains strong teeth.
For more expert rabbit care tips, visit the House Rabbit Society at rabbit.org.
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